Process for the generation of alpha refrigerant jet for dental operations



June 16, 1931. s. BRAUNSTEIN ETAL 1,310,750

PROCESS FOR THE GENERATION OF A REFRIGERANT JET FOR DENTAL OPERATIONSFiled Jan. 14, 1928 SIM ve ntou fiahulim Brqunsfiein 17627: i 0 71Meeruson Patented June; 16, 1931 AUNITED-STATES A -EN1-4 FF1E soHULIMBRAUNST'EIN ANDSEMION MEERSON', or BERLIN, GERMANY- rRooEss OR THEGENERATION or a aurmenaenr arrett DENTAL OPERATIONS "Application mealianu'ar' ia, 192a seriar'No."aeeseafaaaan Germany Ja uar 15, 1927.

j Our invention relates to the generation of a refrigerant jet or streamfor dental operations and the like in cases. where a local anaestheticiscalled for and contemplates the We nployment as a refrigerant of air orother "gas and of liquefiedair or the like as a source ofcold. 7 7 YAccording to our invention we use as a source 'ofcold the cold vapour ofliquefied air 101 01 gas. 'lhese'cold vapours are ,led counter to, and'0 to pelled byja blower or the like.

in close proximity to the stream of air be cooled, such stream being im-We further M provide means for'efiecting'andicontrolling "'lfilvapourization ofthe liquefiedair or gasyand I I p c V ance ofthe'presentprocess is illustrated diawe achieve'this efiiect by passing warm airthrough the liquefied air or gas. "It is a further feature of ourinvention that this warm air "is tapped. from the stream of air 2020 1:its way to be jcooled, 'there being set up in the lcontaiiner forthe'liquefied air or gas the necessary excess pressure for imp'elling vthe val our throughthe cooler; s I 7 stoo a vehicle for cold in th ticourse of flow'fis onlyavailab'le for'use for v :dental'surgery work ifits temperature can b'e loweredquite gradually down to thatrequirements," for example with the employmerit of an oxygen streamcooled expansionof carbonic acid gas, heating devices be- ,in caused t-oact onthe delivery nozzle and being gradually cut out, whereby the tem-3 5 'peratureof the oxygen streamwas'loweredto "that broughtaboutzbyfthe. expansion of the 'carbonic ,acidgas. j

' QAccOrding to our "present invention the cooling Inedium dep'e nds;'onfthe'required degradual variations of the temperaturefofztherefrigerant vehicleji's brought about by corree ofcooling so that: itis; possible to operate more economically than known proci es inw ch P113 ig ly p s d arf nic. ac d "ga is se a a 9 9E1 2 m d um, 1mlapproximately the same quantity is ex:

pended irrespective of the temperaturedesired. A further advantage ofthe invention resides in the'fe'ature that the heating de-j vices at thedelivery nozzle for thev reirig erantv'ehicle are dispensed with,'andthat the vapours of th'e'sourc'e of cold can be allowed to escape intothe air after having passed through the cooling app aratus', withoutcausing any detrimental effects to living beings.

1 In what foll'ows it'is assumed that liquefied 7 air is employed, itbeing understood that in lieuof liquefied air there may-beemployedcondensed gases which vaporize atlow temperatures. o t i Aconstructionof apparatus for performf d y firbooompressor A through apipe a fitted with a valve 6 into a drying ap paratus B inwhich it is.dried and ifdesired sterilized orfdisinfected. "Moisture 'with- V drawnfrom the "air at 'B *is run 0a from'time" to tim'elbyop eni'ng, airunso'fl' cock c." From the {apparatus B air passes through the pipe 03into the'cooling apparatus O in whichit is o cooled to the desiredtemperature by means of surfacecooling, the cooling operation be- "ingeffected according to the counter current principle. I From C it is ledto the point of fconsumptionthrl u h a tube fitted with, Cut-'OffficockA The cold vapour: used as cooling medium producedby contact of warmwith liquefied v air in the container-D issues'through the pipe Z intothe cooling'apparatusiG and traverses the samein the direction oppositeto the flow l of air to be used as a refrigerant, extracting therefrom=a large part of its heat and escap-, ingto the atmosphere through thepipe 9. A

"branch z'jfrom the pipe d leadsto the con 'tainer D thefwarm'airnecessary for vapour v izing'theliq'ui'cl air. Bym'eans of the valve flathe quantity vapourized can be adjusted; depending on" the quantity ofcooling medium lexpendedyth'e-rate of cooling and the quan-o tityof airused as a refrig erant can bevariedin accordance with requirements*Inreleased in "the ip-e "zadirecay beyond the point where it issuesfrom the container D is a cut-off valve h adjustment of which may alsoserve to regulate the temperature of the air to be used as arefrigerant, but which serves principally to cut off the supply ofliquefied air from the atmosphere when the apparatus is out of use. p p

With the process according to the invention it is possible to cool airat roomtemperature gradually and at will to the low temperaturenecessary for anaesthetic purposes. It is to be understood that for thepurpose of our invention we may use a stream of oxygen or any equivalentgaseous medium instead of a stream of air as a refrigerant. In theaforegoing'specification and in the claims hereafter, we have specifiedair as the most expedient gaseous medium for dental or similar purposes.

What we claim as our invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent ofthe United States, is

1. A process for the generationof a refrigerant stream for dentalpurposes consisting in impelling a stream of air, subjecting said streamof air to the cooling influence of the vapor of a liquefied gas, andby-passing a part of the stream of air into the liquefied gas tovaporize the same.

2. A process for the generation of a refrigerant stream for dentalpurposes consisting in impelling a stream of air, subjecting said streamof air to the cooling influence of the vapor of a liquefied gas, andcontrolling the vaporization of said liquefied gas by passing anuncooled portion of the stream of air therethrough. e 3. A process forthe generation ofa refrigerant stream for dental purposesconsisting inimpelling a stream of air, and subjecting said stream of air to thecooling influence of the vapor of a liquefied gas, controlling thevaporization of said liquefied gas by passing air therethrough, andbranching said last-named air oif said first-named stream of am.

4. A'process for the generation of a refrig erant stream for dentalpurposes consisting in impelling a stream of air, subjecting said streamof air to the cooling influence of the vapor of a liquefied gas,vaporizing said liquefied gas by passing an uncooled portion of thestream of air through said liquefied gas, and varyingthe temperatureofsaid stream of air by accordingly varying the rate of passage of airthrough-said liquefied gas.

7 5. A process "for the generation of a refrigerant stream for dentalpurposes consisting in impelling a stream of air, drying said stream ofair, subjecting said stream of air to the cooling lnfluence of the vaporof a liquefied gas, and diverting a portion of the dried air into theliquefied gas to vaporize the same. i

6. A process for the generation of a refrigerant stream for dentalpurposes consistin in impelling a stream of air, drying said stream ofair, subjecting said stream of air to the cooling influence of the vaporof a liquefied gas, controlling the vaporization of said liquefied gasby passing air therethrough, and branching said last-named air off saidfirst-named stream of air.

7. An apparatus for the generation of a refrigerant stream for dentalpurposes, comprising in combination, means for impelling a stream ofair, acooling apparatus for said stream of air, a connection betweensaid impelling meansand said cooling apparatus, a container for aliquefied gas, and a connection between said container and said coolingapparatus whereby the vapors arising from the liquefied gas insaidcontainer are passed through said cooling apparatus in an oppositedirection to the flow of air therethrough to extract heat from saidstream of air.

8. An apparatus for the generation of a refrigerant stream for'dentalpurposes, comprising in combination, means for impelling Q a stream ofair, a cooling apparatus for said stream of air, a connection betweensaid impelling means and said cooling apparatus, a contamer for aliquefiedgas, a connection between said container and said cooling ap- Qparatus whereby the vapors arising from the liquefied gas in saidcontainer are passed through said cooling apparatus in an oppositedirection to the flow of air therethrough to extract heat from saidstream of air, and -1 means for passing through said container a part ofthe air for the purpose of controlling the vaporization of the liquefiedgas in said container.

9. An apparatus for the generation of 1 4 refrigerant stream'for dentalpurposes, com

prising in combination, means for impelling a stream of air, a coolingapparatus for said stream .of air, a connection between said impellingmeans and said cooling apparatus, a,,1 10 container for a liquefied gas,a connection between saidcontainer and said cooling apparatus wherebythe vapor arising from the liquefied gas in said container is passedthrough said cooling apparatus to extract heat from said stream of air,means for pass- I ing through said container air for the purpose ofcontrolling the vaporization of the liquefied. gas in said container,and means for tapping said last-named air from the 1 stream of airbetween said impelling means and said cooling apparatus. f

10. An apparatus for the generation of a refrigerant stream for dentalpurposes, comv prising in combination, means for impelling- I a streamof air, an apparatus for drying said stream of air, a coolingapparatusfor said stream of air, a connection between said dry- 1ngapparatus. and said cooling apparatus, a

container for a liquefiedgas, means for.di-.--

verting some of the air into the container to vaporize the liquefied gastherein, and a connection between said container and said coolingapparatus whereby the Vapors arising from the liquefied gas in saidcontainer are passed through said cooling apparatus in'an oppositedirection to the. flow of air therethrough to extract heat from saidstreamof a1r.

11. An apparatus for the generation of a refrigerant stream for dentalpurposes, comprising in combination, means for impelling a stream ofair, a device for drying said air, a cooling apparatus for said streamof air, a connection between said drying device and said coolingapparatus, a container for a liquefied gas, a connection between saidcontainer and said cooling apparatuswhereby V the vapor arising from theliquefied gas in said container is passed through said cooling apparatusto extract heat from said stream of air, means for tapping air from saidfirstnamed streamof air between said drying device and said coolingapparatus and passing tapped air through the liquefied gas, and

means for regulating the passage of the tapped air., V

. SCHULIM BRAUNSTEIN. SEMION MEERSON.

